Ugandans Criticise ‘Sovereignty Bill’ as Concerns Grow Over Civil Liberties and Economic Impact

KAMPALA — A proposed law in Uganda has triggered widespread criticism from civil society groups, legal experts, and business leaders, who warn it could undermine civil liberties and disrupt economic stability.

The draft legislation, known as the Protection of Sovereignty Bill, has drawn comparisons to “foreign agent” laws introduced in Russia, which have been widely criticised for restricting dissent and limiting the activities of independent organisations.

Concerns Over Broad Legal Definitions

Critics argue the bill introduces sweeping and ambiguous provisions that could criminalise individuals or organisations deemed to be acting in the interests of foreign entities.

Under the proposal, anyone receiving funding from abroad could be labelled a “foreign agent,” with penalties of up to 20 years in prison upon conviction.

Rights advocates say the law’s broad scope risks targeting journalists, activists, and non-governmental organisations, raising concerns about freedom of expression and political participation.

Political Context and Opposition Reaction

The legislation comes amid growing scrutiny of the government led by Yoweri Museveni, who has been in power for four decades.

Opposition figures and civil society groups argue the bill could be used to suppress dissent, particularly ahead of future political developments.

Legal experts have also raised constitutional concerns, noting that the bill’s definition of “foreigners” could extend to Ugandans living abroad, potentially affecting diaspora communities that play a key role in remittances.

Economic Risks Highlighted by Financial Sector

The proposed law has also prompted warnings from the financial sector.

Michael Atingi-Ego cautioned that the legislation could significantly reduce financial inflows into the country, reversing decades of economic progress.

Analysts note that Uganda relies heavily on foreign investment and remittances, both of which could be impacted if the bill discourages international engagement.

Government Signals Possible Revisions

President Museveni has acknowledged concerns surrounding the bill, indicating that revisions may be necessary to avoid unintended economic consequences.

While defending the principle of safeguarding national sovereignty, he suggested adjustments to ensure that financial flows and legitimate economic activity are not restricted.

Broader Implications

Human rights organisations, including Human Rights Watch, have warned that laws framed around foreign influence often expand state power at the expense of civil liberties.

Observers say the outcome of the bill could have wider implications for governance, investment climate, and Uganda’s relationship with international partners.

As the legislation heads to parliament, the debate highlights a broader tension between national sovereignty and democratic freedoms in a rapidly evolving political landscape.

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